Sensitive content
Concept for discussion: Replacing HTTP Signatures with Bearer Tokens for ActivityPub Federation
Curious what other people think about this idea. What if federation security was re-worked to use target-assigned bearer tokens to authenticate GET/POST requests? This would remove the need for complicated signing schemes and reduce system load under heavy traffic bursts (as no cryptography is required).
A basic implementation could look like this:1. When instance A (a.example.com) first attempts to federate with instance B (b.example.com), a POST request is made to a dedicated registration endpoint. (for discussion, we'll say it's https://b.example.com/activity-pub/register-instance). This request includes fields necessary for verification, including the source domain name, target domain name, and a securely-generated verification token. Other metadata could be included to allow instance B to selectively allow/prohibit federation based on other criteria, but this is optional.
2. Instance B makes a POST request back to a dedicated verification endpoint on instance A (for discussion, we'll say it's https://a.example.com/activity-pub/verify-registration). This request must include the target domain name and verification token provided in step 2.
3. Instance A checks the verification token (and verify that it matches the target domain name) and return a successful value. The verification code must be invalidated after this call!4. Instance B, after verifying instance A's request, returns a securely-generated federation key back to instance A. This federation key is a bearer token used to authenticate all requests from instance A to instance B. This key must be unique to instance A!5. Instance A completes the original request with the Authorization header set to Bearer {federation_key}.
6. Instance B receives the request, detects the federation key, and checks it against the list of registered instances.
7. If the key does not exist or A has been defederated, then a 403 Forbidden error is returned.
8. If the key is expired or revoked, then 401 Unauthorized error is returned. Upon receiving a 401 error, instance A should start over from step 1 to re-authenticate and complete the request with a new token. This process should not be repeated for recursive failures!9. If the key is approved, then a 200 OK response or 202 Accepted response is returned, and A can consider the request as successful.
Advantages versus HTTP Signatures:- No cryptography requirements.
- Simple logic, no edge cases around HTTP query parameters or header order.
- Equally effective for all request types.
- Keys can be easily revoked or rotated.
- Supports authorized fetch and defederation use cases "by default".
Disadvantages versus HTTP Signatures:- Breaks the actor model - instances are required as a first-class concept. (but really, the actor model is basically dead already. you can't even federate reliably without a WebFinger server, at minimum.)
- Requires multi-request "handshake" before communication. (but this is already required in practice, since a signature can't be validated without first requesting the signing actor.)
- Out-of-band protocol - communication can't happen over ActivityPub / ActivityStreams because this is a prerequisite to authenticate any request. (but again, we already require WebFinger and some software requires NodeInfo for full support.)
So, what are your thoughts? Good idea? Bad idea? Did I miss something? Please let me know, I welcome replies here!
HTTP authentication - HTTP | MDN
HTTP provides a general framework for access control and authentication. This page is an introduction to the HTTP framework for authentication, and shows how to restrict access to your server using the HTTP "Basic" scheme.MDN Web Docs
🔗 Performance study of microplastic inhalation risk posed by wearing masks (2020) pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/…
Wearing an N95 mask reduces the inhalation risk of spherical-type microplastics by 25.5 times compared with not wearing a mask.Wearing low-quality masks for longer than 4 h can pose higher fiber-like microplastic inhalation risk than not wearing a mask. When the masks are reused for a long time, only N95 respirators pose less fiber-like microplastic inhalation risk compared with not wearing a mask.
COVID-19: Performance study of microplastic inhalation risk posed by wearing masks - PMC
Wearing face masks has become the new normal worldwide due to the global spread of the coronavirus disease 2019. The inhalation of microplastics due to the wearing of masks has rarely been reported.pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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🔗 Wearing a mask while exercising indoors improves lung function -- masks not only help protect wearers from virus transmission, but improve the exercise experience in both dry and cold conditions ualberta.ca/en/folio/2025/02/w…
Wearing a mask while exercising indoors improves lung function
Face masks not only help protect wearers from virus transmission — they can also help ease the workload on the lungs during exercise in both dry and cold conditions, a U of A study shows.Michael Brown (Folio - University of Alberta)
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Edit: @ABScientist shared ccnse.ca/sites/default/files/F… !
hey Covid-Competent, well-informed folks! I have a favour to ask!
has anyone bookmarked a good reference for what % of SARS-CoV-2 cases are due to fomite transmission?
the US CDC was at one point saying:
each contact with a contaminated surface has less than a 1 in 10,000 chance of causing an infection [1]
but that's not a % of infections, it's per contact with contaminated surface. That's supported a few ways, eg. by a sampling that included counting touchpoints:
The estimated risk of infection from touching a contaminated surface was low (less than 5 in 10,000) by quantitative microbial risk assessment [2]
but that study didn't actually culture virus, they checked RNA levels and counted touches (and again, is per contaminated touch, not per case)
Try as I might, I can't actually find a grounded estimate of how many actual infections have been fomite-driven at any point in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
[1] archive.cdc.gov/www_cdc_gov/co…
[2] pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/…
#SARSCoV2 #COVID #COVID19 #COVIDIsAirborne #CovidIsNotOver #CovidCompetent #AirborneAware
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
CDC provides credible COVID-19 health information to the U.S.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
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Took a quick look and this is the best I could find. The others kind of vague/hand wavey "it lasts on surfaces for x days" stuff
pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.e…
German summary pointed out big picture which is that you can find it on surfaces but transmission is very inefficient.
bfr.bund.de/en/service/frequen…
Can SARS-CoV-2 Be Transmitted Via Food And Objects?
The German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) has updated his most important questions and answers on the topic.Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung
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And the virus won't go through the skin, so for transmission people first need to touch their mouth, inside of their nose or eyes. Maybe some transmission is possible by first touching food and eating it? Then there is still the acid of the stomach. It all does not sound like very efficient transmission if you can also just breathe it in.
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🇺🇸 🧑⚖️
Does anyone have recommendations for a USian called for jury duty if they're prevented from masking up?
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🔗 “I pretty much haven't worked since 2020”: How the effects of Long COVID have harmed professional musicians and DJs musicradar.com/music-industry/…
“I pretty much haven't worked since 2020”: How the effects of Long COVID have harmed professional musicians and DJs
Though the 2020 COVID pandemic had many negative effects on the music industry, an underreported aspect is how Long COVID has left some professional musicians unable to continue with their careersAdam Douglas (MusicRadar)
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FTtP's gSheet of quantitative fit test results, protocols, suggested test sequence, etc
mstdn.science/@FitTestThePlane…
@FitTestThePlanet @fittestmyplanet @maskup
#YallMasking #MaskUp #WearARespirator #BringBackMasks
Fit Test The Planet (@FitTestThePlanet@mstdn.science)
https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/u/0/d/1arv8PObW_O4HMpScei3KAlt0zj1C55v_/htmlviewmstdn.science
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“One thing that can make a significant difference in reducing illness is masking,”“While it received mixed reactions...one of the greatest missed opportunities in public health...has been acknowledging the effectiveness of masks at reducing spread of airborne illness.”
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🇨🇦 CSA Z94.4:25 -- Selection, use, and care of respirators, draft review (comments open June 20, 2025 - Aug 19, 2025)
This Standard sets out requirements for the selection, use, and care of respirators and for the administration of an effective respiratory protection program in the workplace.
publicreview.csa.ca/Home/Detai…
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🔗 Respirator Types and Use cdc.gov/niosh/ppe/respirators/
Respirator Types and Use
Get information on the use of respirators in the workplace.Personal Protective Equipment
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🔗 Decreases in chimpanzee respiratory disease signs and enteric viral quantity following implementation of anthroponotic disease prevention protocols at a long-term research site sciencedirect.com/science/arti…
Following a fatal outbreak of anthroponotic respiratory disease among chimpanzees at the long-term field site of Ngogo, Kibale National Park, Uganda, research personnel implemented more stringent disease prevention protocols (e.g., use of face masks in the presence of chimpanzees). Furthermore, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, a 7-day quarantine period prior to any exposure to chimpanzees was implemented for all Ngogo research personnel.Chimpanzees were observed to cough less frequently following the implementation of more stringent disease prevention protocols compared to the period prior. Coughing frequencies were even lower following the implementation of the quarantine period.
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🔗 Measurements of Surrogate Respiratory Sessile Droplet pH and Implications for Exhaled Respiratory Aerosol and Airborne Disease Transmission pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/…
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Illinois could become the first state in the country to ban mask bans. Here’s how we created the bill to do it. thesicktimes.org/2025/05/27/il…
Illinois could become the first state in the country to ban mask bans. Here’s how we created the bill to do it. - The Sick Times
Anti-mask laws are discriminatory and dangerous, and so I and other disability advocates across the country are stepping up to counter criminalizing with codifying: our bills would enshrine the right to mask in public spaces in state law.Megan E. Doherty (The Sick Times)
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🔗 Minimal Influenza Virus Transmission From Touching Contaminated Floors and Metal Door Levers: Laboratory Study II onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10…
In our previous paper, we demonstrated through a series of experiments that the probability of influenza virus transmission from touching contaminated surfaces of face masks is minimal (Sci Rep 2024, 14, 20211). In the present study, we expanded upon this study by conducting an experimental evaluation of the likelihood of influenza transmission from dried fomites under three specific scenarios... We found that viable viruses were rarely transmitted to fingertips from the above fomites even when the viral loads in the viral fluid contaminating the fomites far exceeded that seen in real life. Consequently, we conclude that the probability of contact transmission of influenza via dried fomites is negligible or minimal under the scenarios studied here.
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🔗 Here’s an Inconvenient Truth: Disease Is in the Air thetyee.ca/Culture/2025/05/16/…
We ignored the science of airborne transmission for a century. Carl Zimmer tells us why.
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1905 aerosol / droplet experiment U.K. parliament
What were the historical reasons for the resistance to recognizing airborne transmission during the COVID-19 pandemic?
Estimating the population-level effects of nonpharmaceutical interventions when transmission rates of COVID-19 vary by orders of magnitude from one contact to another
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Why are you taking sarscov2/covid seriously when others like you didn't?
(presumably there are a number of discrete subtypes of people like you and for which there may be many distinct 'whys'; feel free to share any/all of them)
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If I had to make a full list, I would probably start with these:
1) I was able to do the math, and was willing, long before 2020.
2) I read Ontario's SARS Commssion report, and realized Dr. Henry had abandoned the precautionary principle, and was not intrinsicly trustworthy. A whole lot of "two truths and a lie", unfit for office.
3) I learned that humans do not develop any lasting immunity to SARS-nCoV2, so each infection puts your immune system / brain / cardiovascular system / liver / kidneys (and so on (and on and on)) in harm's way.
I was able to understand that public health messaging was not directed at supporting public health, but rather brr "Line Go Up."
And yeah, "people like me" has the potential for a lot of axes.
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Self-employed with Epstein-Barr floating dormant in my bloodstream. Yeah, no.
That said, I know people with severe asthma who stopped masking b/c peer pressure. "Oh you still mask? I should too."
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🔗 Indoor Air Pollution: Understanding Harmful Substances in the Indoor Air air-fanta.com/blogs/all/unders…
Understanding Harmful Substances in the Indoor Air
Humans have long recognized the importance of clean drinking water. However, the significance of clean air has not yet been widely acknowledged by the general public.WongAdam (AirFanta)
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🔗 NorthBox 6XL review — the only PC fan air purifier made in Canada
An excellent PC fan-powered air purifier developed by North Box Systems, a father and son company based in Ontario housefresh.com/northbox-6xl-re…
#CovidIsNotOver #CovidIsAirborne
NorthBox 6XL review — a PC fan air purifier made in Canada
The North Box 6XL is an excellent alternative to the CleanAirKits Luggable models for those living in Canada, who are looking for a PC fan air purifier.Danny Ashton (HouseFresh)
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goodmenproject.com/featured-co…
Respirators are so effective that United Kingdom research has indicated their use by the public would have dropped the rate of COVID transmission by an estimated factor of 9, compared with 0.6 for surgical masks. A factor of 9 is enough to put SARS-COV-2 into exponential decay, meaning the virus would have been highly suppressed for as long as respirator use continued. The exponential math of viral spread also means that perfect masking compliance would not have been required to achieve suppression.
#CovidIsAirborne #WearARespirator
How Denial of Airborne COVID Transmission Broke the World - The Good Men Project
As we mark five years since the emergence of SARS-COV-2, the most grievous error of the global pandemic response has become very clear.Healthy Debate (The Good Men Project)
Sigh.
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This might work if we could insert a N95 filter into klan hoods. Otherwise MAGA folks use masks for renditions mainly.
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@violetblue heya! In the recent COVID newsletter, you wrote, “… I don’t see anyone covering the public health developments as a whole picture, rather than fragments.”
There is “Health Security Decoded” by the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security: centerforhealthsecurity.org/ou…
Apologies if this came from you, and my inbox and I both forgot; felicitations if this is new and useful! You’re the fuckin’ best, keep on keeping on
Health Security Decoded | Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security
Updates on the most important news, events, developments, research, and policy in the areas that comprise health security: biosecurity and biodefense, medicine and public health, science and technology, domestic preparedness and response, government …Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security
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🔗 Why Masks-Required Concerts Still Sell Out in the Bay Area
“I think most non-COVID-cautious musicians think about COVID precautions only being for the sake of disabled and immunocompromised folks, and don’t realize that these are real issues that the musicians themselves can be impacted by and are all at risk for.”
Why Masks-Required Concerts Still Sell Out in the Bay Area
COVID-conscious musicians and fans have created a tight-knit, DIY scene that’s all about accessibility.www.kqed.org
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It's a mystery...
"Why Masks-Required Concerts Still Sell Out in the Bay Area"
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"Respirator" means a facemask that seals around the mouth and nose for the purpose of filtering all the air the wearer inhales.
Respirators can be constructed of either:
a) an elastomeric body designed to be reused many times with replaceable electrostatically-charged, glass fibre, charcoal and/or gas filters, straps, etc
b) an electrostatically-charged fabric designed to be disposed of after one or a small number of uses.
Most reusable elastomeric respirators (N95, FFP2, FFP3, P100) have exhalation valves, but some don't.
Most disposable fabric respirators (KN95, KF94, N95, FFP2, FFP3) don't have exhalation valves, but some do.
🧵
#MaskUp #MaskMeansRespirator #WearARespirator #N95 #P100 #Respie #Elasto #CovidIsAirborne
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🔗 Researchers overlooked airborne diseases for centuries — then COVID-19 changed everything
Researchers overlooked airborne diseases for centuries — then COVID-19 changed everything
A fascinating exploration of microbes that can travel through the air reveals how the pandemic marked a turning point for a crucial research field.Marr, Linsey C.
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🔗 Stanford must end its complicity in COVID harms
It’s unconscionable that Stanford School of Medicine and the Freeman Spogli Institute hosted a conference in October led by architects of the disablement of 100 million people and the preventable deaths of tens of millions more. It’s even worse that University President Jonathan Levin lent institutional support by volunteering to make the opening remarks. It’s worse yet that the apparent success of this conference may have influenced President Donald Trump to tap at least two conference participants for top health posts.
From the Community | Stanford must end its complicity in COVID harms
A Stanford conference of COVID contrarians and Long COVID skeptics featuring President Levin is reverberating all the way to the White House.From the Community (The Stanford Daily)
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what an incredible display of maturity and restraint for a college newspaper op-ed discussing a gore-flecked nightmare conference of vultures and hyenas and dung beetles.
It’s a feat to experience disability and still have this article inside you five years on. Elite academia voice is a trip in an internet of polemics.
and furthermore, lmao at the perhaps unintended pun in “being fêted at Stanford.” Blessed is Nurgle’s garden.
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🔗 Developing chlorine-based antiseptic by electrolysis pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/319055…
> This paper examined the possibility of using hypochlorite water as a chlorine-based antiseptic for handwashing in public buildings and healthcare facilities. The electrolysis method was used, which produces Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) from mixing drinking water with small amounts of sodium hydroxide. Hypochlorous acid is usually produced by blood cells to surround pathogens when the skin is cut and exposed to pathogens. The methods used were based on hydrolysing drinking water at a different salt concentration (from 0 up to saline water 0.9% NaCl) under the different power supply. The results showed that 0.005-0.01% hydrochloride water can be a perfect antiseptic that can kill most bacteria and pathogenies within 12 s. In one prototype set up one liter of the prepared solution needed the only 2 g of NaCl, 12 V and 3 amps' power. However, the pH value should be maintained to be around 5-6. The results also showed that the most efficient way was to produce the solution on-site. However, if stored properly it can be used for 7-10 days after production.
Developing chlorine-based antiseptic by electrolysis - PubMed
The use of Alcohol-based antiseptics is efficient and approved, however it has some limitations. This paper examined the possibility of using hypochlorite water as a chlorine-based antiseptic for handwashing in public buildings and healthcare facilit…PubMed
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🔗 The Long COVID Game helloworlds.ca/the-long-covid-…
> This short (<5min) instructional game can help illustrate the risks of repeated COVID infections and the chance of acquiring Long COVID. It was designed for large groups, such as a classroom of students. The goal is to communicate the benefits of wearing a respirator, such as an N95, to reduce the number of COVID infections and thus the risk of contracting Long COVID.
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I suspect that maximum power draw is when the device is activating the heating (it needs to heat up to ~60 degrees celsius internally).
After switching it on (while blinking red), it needs to go up from 20 to 60, so there is some continuous heating. After that, I guess it will pulse the heater to stay at 60.
I didn't measure that, just educated guessing.
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to re-up -- about masking and protection against gaseous chemicals which are deleterious to your airways/lungs, such as might be contained in wildfire smoke 👇
zeroes.ca/@trendless/113227130…
#LAFires #LAFires2025 #California #Wildfire #Wildfires #MaskUp #N95 #P100 #OV
To everyone wearing masks as protection against chemicals from the plant on fire in Conyers, GA [edit: or the wildfires in CA]:Gases permeate particulate filtration. Use organic vapour / charcoal filters or full-on [chlorine] gas cartridges to keep it out of your respiratory system.
Masks work -- but they have to be the right kind of mask.
🔗 ctvnews.ca/mobile/world/more-t…
Georgia chemical fire: Shelter-in-place order lifted
Authorities on Monday night ended a shelter-in-place order for more than 90,000 people east of Atlanta following a weekend chemical plant fire that sent a massive plume of dark smoke into the Georgia sky and led to complaints about a strong chemical …The Associated Press (CTV News)
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This post contains a 3M cheatsheet with most of the filters they offer, what they're designed to filter, and their part numbers: zeroes.ca/@trendless/112215285…
Some of these filters and the elastomeric [reusable] respirators on which they fit can be found at hardware and industrial supply stores.
trendless (@trendless@zeroes.ca)
Attached: 2 images @PacificNic I go back and forth between the pancake filters and the cartridges. The 7093 are also made to do easy sealchecks. They're definitely my go-to in precipitation and they blend with the mask body colour more.zeroes.ca
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🔗 “I’ve Never Felt So Confused”: A Mixed-Method Study of Managing Family-to-Work Conflict During the Tripledemic link.springer.com/article/10.1…
> This mixed-methods study incorporates online survey data from the January 2023 Alberta Viewpoint Survey (N = 1196) and interview data collected from May-August 2023 (N = 23) to study the strategies families and caregivers used during the tripledemic to manage FWC in a time of high uncertainty.
> Caregiving struggles were exacerbated during the fall of 2022 with the circulation of RSV, influenza, and COVID-19
> This mixed-methods study highlights the strategies families and caregivers used during the tripledemic to manage family-to-work conflict (FWC) in a time of high uncertainty
> Parents, especially mothers, were most likely to miss work for extended periods, leading to a greater potential for FWC among these groups
> Caregivers who were able to take advantage of workplace, relationship, and network resources were better able to limit FWC during these uncertain times
“I’ve Never Felt So Confused”: A Mixed-Method Study of Managing Family-to-Work Conflict During the Tripledemic - Journal of Child and Family Studies
The COVID-19 pandemic disproportionately affected those with caregiving responsibilities and its impacts continue.SpringerLink
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🔗 Digital Download: Request for Covid Accommodation in Health Care Facilities covidsociety.ca/priorities/saf…
Digital Download: Request for Covid Accommodation in Health Care Facilities - Canadian Covid Society
Everyone deserves safe access to health care, but we know many people are facing resistance to simple, reasonable requests for Covid accommodations like respirators and air filters cleaners.Canadian Covid Society
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🇨🇦 @maskup
United Canada Inc sale 👇
Kimtech/Kleenguard/KimberlyClark pouch N95 small 50pk (54066)
$80 -- great for little kids / small faces
unitedcanadainc.com/products/k…
3M Aura trifold N95 440pk (9205+)
$275 -- great for adults with average faces
unitedcanadainc.com/collection…
Free shipping over $99 (before tax)
KIMTECH N95 POUCH RESPIRATOR
The Kimtech™ N95 pouch respirator is designed to help guard against the risks posed by airborne particles and contaminants.United Canada Inc.
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Sooo buying a PlusLife in CAD is about 2x the price of in euros or USD, instead of 1.4x or 1.5x from the nominal exchange rates. Ouch!
I've emailed and hope the CC-community discount is significant, but would welcome advice or tips for getting it cheaper without needing a trip to the USA or Europe.
[edit: the discount is significant! The discounted price is still a factor higher than the currency-converted discounted price in EUR or USD though.]
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tbh I would be concerned about trying to bring it across a US Land border. If they search you, they might get, uh, edgy.
But then again this is Canada. You could probably enter the country with a moose literally sitting in the passenger seat.
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🔗 Testing and Masking Policies and Hospital-Onset Respiratory Viral Infections jamanetwork.com/journals/jaman…
> stopping universal masking and SARS-CoV-2 testing was associated with a significant increase in hospital-onset respiratory viral infections relative to community infections. Restarting the masking of health care workers was associated with a significant decrease.
> Nosocomial respiratory viral infections remain associated with increased length of stay and higher mortality in hospitalized populations. Our data suggest that masking and testing were 2 potentially effective measures to protect patients who are hospitalized, particularly when community respiratory virus incidence rates were elevated.
Testing and Masking Policies and Hospital-Onset Respiratory Viral Infections
This cohort study examines the ratio between hospital- and community-onset respiratory viral infections at different levels of testing and masking from 2020 to 2024.Theodore R. Pak, MD, PhD (JAMA Network)
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The next head of the US NIH 👇
🔗 Republican Witness In COVID-19 Misinformation Hearing Has Been Repeatedly Discredited By Courts For Promoting Misinformation krishnamoorthi.house.gov/media…
> In an October 2021 ruling that Tennessee Governor Bill Lee's executive order allowing parents to opt their children out of school mask mandates violates federal law, U.S. District Judge Waverly D. Crenshaw wrote that Dr. Bhattacharya "offered opinions regarding the pediatric effects of masks on children, a discipline on which he admitted he was not qualified to speak," adding "his demeanor and tone while testifying suggest that he is advancing a personal agenda. At this stage of the proceedings, the Court is simply unwilling to trust Dr. Bhattacharya." Judge Crenshaw also added that Dr. Bhattacharya's testimony was "troubling" and "problematic." Similarly, a Manitoba Judge found the same month that Dr. Bhattacharya's testimony public health restrictions was contradicted by a range of evidence, including his own sources.
Congressman Krishnamoorthi Reveals Republican Witness In COVID-19 Misinformation Hearing Has Been Repeatedly Discredited By Courts For Promoting Misinformation
WASHINGTON – Today, Congressman Krishnamoorthi participated in the Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Crisis hearing titled, "Combating Coronavirus Cons And The Monetization of Misinformation.Representative Krishnamoorthi
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Cthulku
in reply to trendless • • •The number of people who went from gobsmacked to curious after I told them I always wear a mask while riding my bike is, well, not that high, but still. Most just avoid asking me about masking because reasons.
But yeah, I'd never go back. way more comfortable breathing even in clear air conditions, and orders of magnitude more comfortable in the cold.
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